Predicting short-term major postoperative complications in intestinal resection for Crohn's disease: A machine learning-based study.

BACKGROUND: Due to the complexity and numerous comorbidities associated with Crohn's disease (CD), the incidence of postoperative complications is high, significantly impacting the recovery and prognosis of patients. Consequently, additional studies are required to precisely predict short-term major complications following intestinal resection (IR), aiding surgical decision-making and optimizing patient care. AIM: To construct novel models based on machine learning (ML) to predict short-term major postoperative complications in patients with CD following IR. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data derived from a patient cohort that underwent IR for CD from January 2017 to December 2022. The study participants were randomly allocated to either a training cohort or a validation cohort. The logistic regression and random forest (RF) were applied to construct models in the training cohort, with model discrimination evaluated using the area under the curves (AUC). The validation cohort assessed the performance of the constructed models. RESULTS: Out of the 259 patients encompassed in the study, 5.0% encountered major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) within 30 d following IR for CD. The AUC for the logistic model was 0.916, significantly lower than the AUC of 0.965 for the RF model. The logistic model incorporated a preoperative CD activity index (CDAI) of ≥ 220, a diminished preoperative serum albumin level, conversion to laparotomy surgery, and an extended operation time. A nomogram for the logistic model was plotted. Except for the surgical approach, the other three variables ranked among the top four important variables in the novel ML model. CONCLUSION: Both the nomogram and RF exhibited good performance in predicting short-term major postoperative complications in patients with CD, with the RF model showing more superiority. A preoperative CDAI of ≥ 220, a diminished preoperative serum albumin level, and an extended operation time might be the most crucial variables. The findings of this study can assist clinicians in identifying patients at a higher risk for complications and offering personalized perioperative management to enhance patient outcomes.

Dipterocarpoidae genomics reveal their demography and adaptations to Asian rainforests.

Dipterocarpoideae species form the emergent layer of Asian rainforests. They are the indicator species for Asian rainforest distribution, but they are severely threatened. Here, to understand their adaptation and population decline, we assemble high-quality genomes of seven Dipterocarpoideae species including two autotetraploid species. We estimate the divergence time between Dipterocarpoideae and Malvaceae and within Dipterocarpoideae to be 108.2 (97.8‒118.2) and 88.4 (77.7‒102.9) million years ago, and we identify a whole genome duplication event preceding dipterocarp lineage diversification. We find several genes that showed a signature of selection, likely associated with the adaptation to Asian rainforests. By resequencing of two endangered species, we detect an expansion of effective population size after the last glacial period and a recent sharp decline coinciding with the history of local human activities. Our findings contribute to understanding the diversification and adaptation of dipterocarps and highlight anthropogenic disturbances as a major factor in their endangered status.

Single femtosecond pulse writing of a bifocal lens.

In this Letter, a method for the fabrication of bifocal lenses is presented by combining surface ablation and bulk modification in a single laser exposure followed by the wet etching processing step. The intensity of a single femtosecond laser pulse was modulated axially into two foci with a designed computer-generated hologram (CGH). Such pulse simultaneously induced an ablation region on the surface and a modified volume inside the fused silica. After etching in hydrofluoric acid (HF), the two exposed regions evolved into a bifocal lens. The area ratio (diameter) of the two lenses can be flexibly adjusted via control of the pulse energy distribution through the CGH. Besides, bifocal lenses with a center offset as well as convex lenses were obtained by a replication technique. This method simplifies the fabrication of micro-optical elements and opens a highly efficient and simple pathway for complex optical surfaces and integrated imaging systems.

Effect of beinaglutide combined with metformin versus aspart 30 with metformin on metabolic profiles and antidrug antibodies in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of beinaglutide combined with metformin versus aspart 30 with metformin on metabolic profiles and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A total of 134 eligible participants were randomly assigned to the test group and the control group. Patients in the test group were treated with beinaglutide and metformin, whereas patients in the control group were randomly treated with aspart 30 and metformin, with a follow-up period of 6 months. The metabolic profiles and ADAs over 6 months were evaluated. Results: After 6 months, 101 (75.37%) patients completed the study. Compared with the control group, the beinaglutide group had significant reductions in 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hBG) and low blood glucose index (LBGI). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased in both groups relative to baseline. In the test group, one had treatment-emergent beinaglutide ADAs. Significant reductions in triglycerides (TG), non-fasting TG, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were observed. The values of insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-IR) were decreased to a statistically higher degree with beinaglutide treatment. Conclusion: Beinaglutide reduces metabolic dysfunction, LBGI, and weight in patients of T2D with a low risk of ADAs. Beinaglutide may offer the potential for a disease-modifying intervention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200061003.

High-Transmission Biomimetics Structural Surfaces Produced via Ultrafast Laser Manufacturing.

Inspired by periodically aligned micro/nanostructures on biological surfaces, researchers have been fabricating biomimetic structures with superior performance. As a promising and versatile tool, an ultrafast laser combined with other forms of processing technology has been utilized to manufacture functional structures, e.g., the biomimetic subwavelength structures to restrain the surface Fresnel reflectance. In this review paper, we interpret the biomimetic mechanism of antireflective subwavelength structures (ARSSs) for high-transmission windows. Recent advances in the fabrication of ARSSs with an ultrafast laser are summarized and introduced. The limitations and challenges of laser processing technology are discussed, and the future prospects for advancement are outlined, too.

Telemedicine-assisted structured self-monitoring of blood glucose in management of T2DM results of a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This prospective study aimed to compare telemedicine-assisted structured self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) with a traditional blood glucose meter (BGM) in adults of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Adult participants with T2DM were assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The patients in the intervention group received a connected BGM with real-time data submission as well as individual needs-based tele-coaching to address and improve motivation and daily diabetes self-management. The patients in the control group received a traditional BGM. Changes in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), low blood glucose index(LBGI), and diabetes self-management behaviors were analyzed. RESULTS: The study demonstrated the superiority of the telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG versus the traditional BGM for improving HbA1c. Additionally, the telemedicine-assisted SMBG reduced the risk of hypoglycemia and enhanced diabetes self-management behaviors, as differences in the LBGI and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire(DSMQ) results between the groups after 6 months were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG helps physicians and patients to achieve a specific level of glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia. The use of coaching applications and telemedicine-assisted SMBG indicated beneficial effects for T2DM self-management, which may help limit disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry No: ChiCTR2300072356 on 12/06/2023. Retrospectively registered.

Effect of Benaglutide on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Benaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that has been approved in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is known to lead to significant weight loss, and it is hypothesized that changes in gut microbiota may play a significant role in such weight loss. However, it is unclear how gut microbiota and metabolites change as a result of benaglutide treatment. Methods: Healthy participants and patients with T2DM were included in this study. They received differentiated treatments, and stool specimens were collected separately. These stool specimens were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing to create fecal metabolomic profiles. The diversity of gut microbiota and metabolic products in the stools of each participant was analyzed. Results: The data showed that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was abundant in the gut microbiota of the control group, which was entirely made up of healthy individuals; however, it showed a statistically significant decrease in patients with T2DM treated with metformin alone, while no significant decrease was observed in patients treated with metformin combined with benaglutide. A metagenomic analysis revealed that benaglutide could improve the fecal microbiota diversity in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation between the changes in the metabolites of patients with T2DM and the changes in their gut microbiota (including F. prausnitzii) after treatment with metformin and benaglutide. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the weight-reducing effect of benaglutide is attributed to its ability to normalize the gut microbiota of patients with T2DM, particularly by increasing the abundance of F. prausnitzii.

Exogenous Insulin Antibody Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Exogenous insulin antibody syndrome (EIAS) is an immunological disorder caused by circulating insulin antibodies (IAs), featuring hypersensitivity to exogenous insulin and insulin resistance. With the wide use of recombinant human insulin and insulin analogs, there has been a significant proliferation of EIAS. Case Report: We describe two cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) with hyperinsulinemia and high serum levels of IAs. They had never been exposed to methimazole, glutathione, lipoic acid, and other sulfhydryl drugs, but they all received insulin treatment. The patient in case 1 had recurrent hypoglycemia before hospitalization. A prolonged oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed hypoglycemia with inappropriately high insulin levels. The patient in case 2 was hospitalized for diabetic ketosis. An OGTT indicated hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia and low levels of C-peptide. IAs induced by exogenous insulin in the two patients with DM were positive at high titers, prompting a diagnosis of another condition-EIAS. Conclusion: We discussed the differences between these two cases of EIAS in clinical manifestations and treatment and summarized all patients of EIAS treated in our department to date.

Ni-catalyzed benzylic ß-C(sp3)-H bond activation of formamides.

The development of transition metal-catalyzed ß-C-H bond activation via highly-strained 4-membered metallacycles has been a formidable task. So far, only scarce examples have been reported to undergo ß-C-H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles, and all of them rely on precious metals. In contrast, earth-abundant and inexpensive 3d transition metal-catalyzed ß-C-H bond activation via 4-membered metallacycles still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to activate secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds of formamides via 4-membered nickelacycles, providing a series of α,ß-unsaturated γ-lactams in up to 97% yield.

Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with transfusion-dependent ß-thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial.

Thalidomide induces γ-globin expression in erythroid progenitor cells, but its efficacy on patients with transfusion-dependent ß-thalassemia (TDT) remains unclear. In this phase 2, multi-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of thalidomide in TDT patients. A hundred patients of 14 years or older were randomly assigned to receive placebo or thalidomide for 12 weeks, followed by an extension phase of at least 36 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change of hemoglobin (Hb) level in the patients. The secondary endpoints included the red blood cell (RBC) units transfused and adverse effects. In the placebo-controlled period, Hb concentrations in patients treated with thalidomide achieved a median elevation of 14.0 (range, 2.5 to 37.5) g/L, whereas Hb in patients treated with placebo did not significantly change. Within the 12 weeks, the mean RBC transfusion volume for patients treated with thalidomide and placebo was 5.4 ± 5.0 U and 10.3 ± 6.4 U, respectively (P < 0.001). Adverse events of drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, pyrexia, sore throat, and rash were more common with thalidomide than placebo. In the extension phase, treatment with thalidomide for 24 weeks resulted in a sustainable increase in Hb concentrations which reached 104.9 ± 19.0 g/L, without blood transfusion. Significant increase in Hb concentration and reduction in RBC transfusions were associated with non ß0/ß0 and HBS1L-MYB (rs9399137 C/T, C/C; rs4895441 A/G, G/G) genotypes. These results demonstrated that thalidomide is effective in patients with TDT.

Loss of Autophagy Causes Increased Apoptosis of Tibial Plateau Chondrocytes in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to observe the effect of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes on apoptosis in spontaneous knee osteoarthritis (OA) in guinea pigs. DESIGN: Fifty 2-month-old female Hartley guinea pigs were divided into a normal group (10 animals, all euthanized after 7 months) and an OA group (40 animals, 10 of which were euthanized after 10 months). Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate autophagy levels, intracellular glycogen accumulation and apoptosis in tibial plateau chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. The remaining 30 guinea pigs in the OA group were divided into 3 groups: a rapamycin group, a normal saline group, and a 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. Intracellular glycogen accumulation and chondrocyte apoptosis were assessed by altering the level of autophagy in chondrocytes in vivo. RESULTS: When spontaneous OA occurred in guinea pigs, autophagy levels in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, while intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis increased. After enhancing the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes in guinea pigs with OA, intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis decreased, while inhibiting autophagy had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the function of autophagy in chondrocytes may at least partly involve the catabolism of glycogen. In guinea pigs with OA, the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, and chondrocytes were unable to degrade intracellular glycogen into glucose, leading to less energy for chondrocytes and increased apoptosis.

Construction 7-membered ring via Ni-Al bimetal-enabled C-H cyclization for synthesis of tricyclic imidazoles.

The construction of 7-membered ring via direct C7-H cyclization of benzoimidazoles with alkenes would provide a more atom- and step-economical route to tricyclic imidazoles and derivatives that widely exist in a broad range of bioactive molecules. However, transition metal-catalyzed C-H cyclization for medium-ring synthesis has been limited to reactive C-H bonds, instead, the activation of unreactive C-H bonds towards medium synthesis still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a direct construction of 7-membered rings via Ni-Al co-catalyzed unreactive C7-H cyclization of benzoimidazoles with alkenes, providing a series of tricyclic imidazoles in 40-98% yield and with up to 95:5 er.

[Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lake Chaohu Sediments and Pollution Evaluation].

We investigated the spatial distribution and storage of nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Chaohu sediments and evaluated the sediment nitrogen and phosphorus pollution index. Results show that the average total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content in the surface-layer sediments of Lake Chaohu were 1088 mg·kg-1 and 585 mg·kg-1, respectively, and 666 mg·kg-1 and 509 mg·kg-1 in the bottom-layer sediments, respectively. TN content in the surface layer was significantly higher than in the bottom layer (P<0.01). Spatially, TN, TP, and sediment thickness were ranked in the order western lake area > eastern lake area > middle lake area, and the TN and TP contents were significantly different in the surface sediments from the middle and eastern areas of the lake (P<0.05, P<0.01). TN and TP storage in the lake sediments was 1.58×105 t and 0.98×105 t, respectively. TN and TP were significantly correlated in both the western and middle parts of the lake (P<0.01). In addition, TN was significantly correlated with sediment thickness in middle area of the lake, which indicated that TN may have the same pollution sources as TP and both were affected by sediment thickness. TN pollution index (STN), TP pollution index (STP), and comprehensive pollution index (FF) values were 1.09, 1.39, and 1.32, respectively, indicating light-to-moderate levels of pollution. Specifically, the western lake surface sediments were heavily polluted with respect to TP, the eastern lake surface sediments were moderately polluted, and the middle lake surface sediments were slightly polluted. Nutrient pollution varied widely between different areas of the lake, with sediments in the western part of the lake presenting a higher safety risk. Overall, these observations indicate that Lake Chaohu is threatened by internal nutrient loading.

Onboard absolute radiometric calibration and validation of the satellite calibration spectrometer on HY-1C.

As the reference radiometric calibration standard of sensors on the Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) satellite platform, the satellite calibration spectrometer (SCS) is equipped with an onboard calibration system composed of double solar diffusers and an erbium-doped diffuser to monitor the postlaunch radiometric response change. Herein, through onboard calibration data analysis, the calibration diffuser performance remains stable without degradation, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra is adopted as a reference to repeatedly verify onboard radiometric calibration results by selecting different dates and reflectance scenes. The SCS equivalent reflectance is obtained by combining the mean digital number (DN) of the SCS crossing area image with the radiometric calibration coefficient. The spectral reflectance is obtained via interpolation and iteration, which is adopted as the actual MODIS incident pupil spectral reflectance because the small imaging time interval can be ignored and almost vertically observed, and it is convoluted with the MODIS spectral response function to obtain the predicted equivalent reflectance. Validation is completed by comparing the predicted MODIS equivalent reflectance to the measured value based on the onboard calibration coefficient. The results show that (1) the difference between the measured and predicted MODIS band equivalent reflectance is between -0.00466 and 0.0039, and (2) the percentage difference between the measured and predicted MODIS band equivalent reflectance ranges from 4.17% and 1.24%, indicating that the calibration system carried on HY-1C can perform high-precision SCS radiometric calibration, meeting the cross-calibration accuracy requirements of other loads on the same platform.

Geranylgeranyl Transferase-I Knockout Inhibits Oxidative Injury of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Attenuates Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis.

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidative injury is one of the main features in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Geranylgeranyl transferase-I (GGTase-I) is an essential enzyme mediating posttranslational modification, especially the geranylgeranylation of small GTPase, Rac1. Our previous studies found that GGTase-I played an important role in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. However, its exact role is largely unclear. In this study, mouse conditional knockout of VSMC GGTase-I (Pggt1b Δ/Δ mice) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mouse model of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis was induced by streptozotocin injections and an atherogenic diet. We found that GGTase-I knockout attenuated diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in vivo and suppressed high-glucose-induced VSMC proliferation in vitro. Moreover, after a 16-week duration of diabetes, Pggt1b Δ/Δ mice exhibited lower α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and nitrotyrosine level, Rac1 activity, p47phox and NOXO1 expression, and phospho-ERK1/2 and phosphor-JNK content than wild-type mice. Meanwhile, the same changes were found in Pggt1b Δ/Δ VSMCs cultured with high glucose (22.2 mM) in vitro. In conclusion, GGTase-I knockout efficiently blocked diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, and this protective effect must be related to the inhibition of VSMC proliferation. The potential mechanisms probably involved interfering Rac1 geranylgeranylation, inhibiting the assembly of NADPH oxidase cytosolic regulatory subunits, reducing oxidative injury, and decreasing ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation.

MicroRNA­125a­mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway contributes to high glucose­induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Hyperglycemia contributes to the excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which are closely associated with atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) constitute a novel class of gene regulators, which have important roles in various pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify miRNAs involved in the high glucose (HG)­induced VSMC phenotype switch, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. miRNA sequencing and reverse transcription­quantitative PCR results indicated that inhibition of miR­125a expression increased the migration and proliferation of VSMCs following HG exposure, whereas the overexpression of miR­125a abrogated this effect. Furthermore, dual­luciferase reporter assay results identified that 3­hydroxy­3-methyglutaryl­coA reductase (HMGCR), one of the key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway, is a target of miR­125a. Moreover, HMGCR knockdown, similarly to miR­125a overexpression, suppressed HG­induced VSMC proliferation and migration. These results were consistent with those from the miRNA target prediction programs. Using a rat model of streptozotocin­induced diabetes mellitus, it was demonstrated that miR­125a expression was gradually downregulated, and that the expressions of key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway in the aortic media were dysregulated after several weeks. In addition, it was found that HG­induced excessive activation of the mevalonate signaling pathway in VSMCs was suppressed following transfection with a miR­125a mimic. Therefore, the present results suggest that decreased miR­125a expression contributed to HG­induced VSMC proliferation and migration via the upregulation of HMGCR expression. Thus, miR­125a­mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway may be associated with atherosclerosis.

Serum miR-632 is a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: It has been demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of various tumors.Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the serum miR-632 levels in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic value.Materials and methods: We detected serum miR-632 levels in 162 LSCC patients and 42 healthy volunteers. The ROC curve was carried out to determine diagnostic accuracy.Results: We observed that serum miR-632 levels were upregulated in LSCC patients compared with healthy volunteers (p < .01). Subsequent results from ROC indicated that high sensitivity and specificity of serum miR-632 for diagnosing LSCC (area under the curve 0.8828). In addition, it was found that high expressions of serum miR-632 were significantly associated with advanced N stage (p = .020), histological grade (p = .001), and TNM stage (p = .014). Furthermore, patients with higher serum miR-632 expression had a shorter OS and DFS time than those with lower serum miR-632 levels.Conclusion: Our data revealed that serum miR-632 may be a potential noninvasive biomarker which may become a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LSCC patients.

Nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 promotes the progress of breast cancer cells via regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis.

Breast cancer, as one of the most malignant tumors, poses a serious threat to the lives of females. Nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 is an important regulator of endoplasmic reticulum function that might have a specific role in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SIL1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of human breast cancer. SIL1-specific small interfering RNA was transfected into two breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, to generate SIL1 knockdown cells. Clone formation and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were performed to determine cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect the cell migration and invasion, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The messenger RNA and protein levels of target genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. According to the results of TCGA and GTEx database analysis, we determined that SIL1 was overexpressed in 1085 breast cancer samples compared with 291 normal samples. Knockdown of SIL1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, accordingly. The cell cycle was blocked at the G1 phase following transfection of SIL1-specific small interfering RNA through the inhibition of Cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6. SIL1 knockdown induced apoptosis and also promoted the activity of Caspase9 and Bax. Furthermore, SIL1 was able to promote phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Based on these results, SIL1 might act as an oncogene and accelerate the progression of human breast cancer.

Clinico-neuropathological features of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 gene mutations in lower-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are important for both the integrated diagnosis and the prognosis of diffuse gliomas. The p.R132H mutation of IDH1 is the most frequently observed IDH mutation, while IDH2 mutations were relatively rarely studied. The aim of the study was to determine the pathological and genetic characteristics of lower-grade gliomas that carry IDH2 mutations. METHODS: Data from 238 adult patients with lower-grade gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. The status of IDH1/2 gene mutations, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations, O-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, 1p/19q co-deletion and the expressions of IDH1 R132H, alpha-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation, and p53 were evaluated. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated via Kaplan-Meier estimation using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Totally, 71% (169/238) of patients were positive for IDH mutations, including 12 patients harboring mutations in IDH2. Among the 12 patients with IDH2 mutations, ten patients harbored the R172K mutation, one patient harbored the R172S mutation and one harbored the R172W mutation. Of these, 11 tumors occurred in the frontal lobe and showed morphology typical of oligodendroglioma. The proportion of grade II tumors was higher than that of grade III tumors in IDH2 mutant-gliomas. IDH2 mutations were frequently associated with TERT promoter mutations, 1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation. IDH2 mutations were associated with better outcomes compared with IDH wild-type gliomas (P < 0.05). However, the PFS and OS did not differ from that of IDH1 mutant patients (P = 0.95 and P = 0.60, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: IDH2 mutations are more frequent in oligodendrogliomas and associated with a better prognosis. IDH2 mutations may segregate in distinct clinico-pathological and genetic subtypes of gliomas, and therefore may merit routine investigation.